What is a System on Module (SoM) and How to Choose the Right One: 2025 Guide

A System on Module (SoM) is a compact, ready-to-use computing module that contains the core components of an embedded system. It typically includes a processor (CPU), memory (RAM and storage), power management, and essential interfaces, all integrated onto a small PCB. SoMs are designed to simplify product development by offloading the complexity of hardware design, allowing engineers to focus on application-specific features.

Why Use a SoM?

  1. Faster Time-to-Market:
    Developers can save months of design work by using a pre-certified SoM instead of building from scratch.

  2. Reduced Risk:
    SoMs are pre-tested and often come with long-term support, lowering the chances of hardware failure.

  3. Flexibility and Scalability:
    You can upgrade to a more powerful module within the same product family without changing the baseboard design.

  4. Compact Design:
    SoMs offer powerful performance in space-constrained environments—ideal for IoT, industrial automation, and smart devices.

Key Components of a SoM:

  • CPU (Processor): The heart of the SoM, available in ARM, x86, or RISC-V architectures.
  • RAM: Temporary data storage for smooth multitasking.
  • Storage (eMMC/Flash): For the operating system and application files.
  • Power Management Unit (PMU): Ensures stable voltage levels.
  • Connectivity Interfaces: Such as UART, SPI, I2C, USB, Ethernet, and display outputs.

How to Choose the Right SoM in 2025

Here are the main criteria to consider when selecting a SoM for your application:

Performance Requirements

  • Use Case: Determine if your project needs basic control (e.g., home automation) or high-performance computing (e.g., machine vision).
  • CPU & GPU: Choose a SoM with sufficient processing power and graphics capabilities.

Operating System Compatibility

  • Choose a SoM that supports your preferred OS: Android, Linux (Debian, Ubuntu), Windows, or RTOS.

Power Consumption

  • Low-power SoMs are crucial for battery-powered or energy-sensitive environments like wearables or remote sensors.
  • Connectivity
  • Ensure support for necessary communication interfaces like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, or CAN bus.
  • Thermal Management
  • Some applications may require passive or active cooling. Evaluate whether the SoM can handle heat efficiently.
  • Longevity and Support
  • Look for vendors that offer long-term availability (5–10 years) and BSP (Board Support Package) maintenance.
  • Form Factor and Pin Compatibility
  • Consider standard form factors (like Qseven, COM Express) or custom sizes. Some vendors offer pin-compatible upgrades.
  • Ecosystem and Documentation
  • A good SoM provider will offer clear documentation, reference schematics, SDKs, and design support.
  • Popular Use Cases for SoMs in 2025:
  • Smart Home Devices (e.g., control panels, gateways)
  • Industrial Automation (e.g., HMI terminals, PLCs)
  • Digital Signage
  • Medical Devices
  • Robotics and Drones
  • AI Edge Computing